Artificial intelligence - Hector Chavez Enciso

In the field of computer science is called as artificial intelligence to the faculty of reasoning that holds an agent that is not alive, such is the case of a robot.

For now, it is sufficiently clear that the goal of AI is to understand the nature of intelligence through the design of computer systems that exhibit it. More concretely, it can be said that, in what has elapsed from its short history.

AI has been directed by three general objectives:

- The theoretical analysis of possible explanations of intelligent behavior.

- The explanation of human mental abilities.

- The construction of intelligent artifacts (computers).

These robots in addition to being able to reason, are able to develop many behaviors and activities especially human, such as solving a given problem, practicing a sport, among others.

AI was introduced to the scientific community in 1950 by the Englishman Alan Turing in his article "Computational Machinery and Intelligence." Although research on the design and capabilities of computers began a few years ago, it was until Turing's article that the idea of an intelligent machine captivated scientists' attention. But, the concept of Artificial Intelligence, also known by the acronym AI, is due to the American computer scientist John McCarthy, who in 1956 pronounced it for the first time in a conference causing a great impact in the field of technology. From then, the concept has spread fantastically world and that is why today is so common its use when we want to refer us to those machines or devices equipped with a simile intelligence of the human beings.

Characteristics that define artificial intelligence:

1. Reactive machines.

You may have heard of Deep Blue, the IBM-made supercomputer that defeated the great teacher and world chess champion, Garri Kasparov, in 1997. Deep Blue belongs to the most basic type of Artificial Intelligence that exists: reactive machines. This type of AI does not have the ability to store memories or use past experiences to make decisions.

Reactive machines perceive the world directly and act out of what they see. Their functioning does not require them to create a model of the world. For example, Deep Blue can identify the pieces on a chessboard, make predictions about the possible next moves of his opponent and choose the best answers, but he knows nothing of the past or the experiences he has had in previous games.

2. Machines with limited memory.

Autonomous cars also include this other type of Artificial Intelligence, with which they can take a look at the past. This class of cars has the ability to monitor speed and direction for a specific period. According to Hintze, this data is added to the representation of the world that has been loaded into the computer, which includes the localization of traffic lights, traffic signals or curves of a road.

3. Machines with a Theory of Mind.

People, animals, plants and now, some objects, have thoughts and emotions that directly affect their behavior, the study and awareness of this phenomenon are known as Theory of Mind. For researcher Michael Hintze, this is the main feature that differentiates the machines that have been built so far that will be developed in the future.

According to the assistant professor at Michigan State University, this type of recognition has been crucial in shaping human societies. "If we do not understand the intentions and motives of others, and if we do not take into account what another person knows about me or the environment, working together is a much more complicated task if not impossible," he explained.

4. Machines with self-awareness.

Machines that are able to construct a representation of themselves will be the last step of Artificial Intelligence systems. "Artificial Intelligence researchers should not only know how consciousness works, but we must build machines that have one," explains Michael Hintze.

Those beings with self-consciousness know their internal states and therefore, are able to predict the feelings of others. For example, we are able to identify that a person suffers pain when he has fallen, because we ourselves have felt pain when falling.

Advantages and Disadvantages of AI:

Advantages.

- In the workplace reduces additional costs and wages.

- Being an attraction, leads to generate more income.

- Applications have been developed that perform tasks that man could never have done because of its complexity.

- Can predict long-term situations.

- Reduces the time consumed to perform certain activity.

  - Achieve great findings and progress.

Disadvantages.

- As software, they require constant updates (maintenance).

- Making these expert systems requires a lot of time and money.

- To create machines that are self-sufficient and capable of displacing the human race.

- The irrational and exaggerated use of this technology could lead to the domination of machines over man, as well as to become very dependent on them.

- Man feels less important when a machine or a system "overcomes" it.

Anyway, the AI is something that is revolutionizing the world, because with the new technologies robots can do things more similar to humans.

And like every technology has advantages and disadvantages, because every time that robots are better as in the industry people are less busy in business.

made by: Héctor Darío Chávez Enciso